Cadences in Music Theory: Understanding the 4 Types and How to Use Them Effectively

Written by Daisie Team

Published on 21 June 2023 6 min read

When it comes to cadences music theory, understanding the different types and how to use them effectively can greatly improve your compositions. In this blog, we'll be exploring the world of cadences, their importance, the four main types, and how to use them effectively in your music. So, let's dive right in!

1. What are Cadences?

Before we discuss the different types of cadences, it's important to understand what a cadence is and why it holds significance in music theory.

1.1 Definition of Cadence

A cadence is a sequence of chords that signals the end of a musical phrase or section. It provides a sense of resolution, creating a stopping point that gives listeners a moment to process and appreciate the music they've just heard. Cadences can be compared to punctuation marks in written language, as they help organize and structure the music, making it easier to follow and digest.

1.2 Importance of Cadence in Music Theory

Understanding cadences music theory is essential for composers and musicians alike, as they serve various important functions:

Resolution: Cadences provide a sense of closure and finality in a piece of music.
Structure: They help to divide music into phrases and sections, creating a clear structure that is easier to follow.
Expression: Different types of cadences can evoke different emotions and feelings, adding depth and nuance to your compositions.
Key establishment: Cadences help to establish the key of a piece, making it clear to the listener what tonal center the music is based around.

Now that we know what cadences are and why they're important, let's explore the four main types of cadences in music theory.

2. Four Types of Cadences

There are four primary types of cadences in music theory, each with its own unique characteristics and functions. By learning these four types, you'll be well-equipped to create engaging and dynamic compositions.

2.1 Perfect Authentic Cadence

The perfect authentic cadence (PAC) is the most common and strongest type of cadence. It occurs when the dominant chord (V) resolves to the tonic chord (I) in root position, with the tonic note in the highest voice. This creates a strong sense of resolution and finality, making it ideal for concluding a major section or an entire piece of music.

2.2 Imperfect Authentic Cadence

Imperfect authentic cadences (IAC) are similar to perfect authentic cadences but with slight variations that make them less conclusive. An IAC still involves the dominant chord (V) resolving to the tonic chord (I), but either one or both chords are not in root position, or the highest voice is not the tonic note. This type of cadence is useful for creating a sense of closure while still leaving room for further development in the music.

2.3 Plagal Cadence

The plagal cadence, also known as the "Amen" cadence, occurs when the subdominant chord (IV) resolves to the tonic chord (I). This cadence has a more gentle and relaxed feel compared to the authentic cadences, making it a popular choice for creating a sense of calm resolution in hymns and other sacred music. However, it can also be used effectively in other styles of music to provide a different flavor of resolution.

2.4 Deceptive Cadence

As the name suggests, deceptive cadences are designed to surprise the listener. Instead of resolving from the dominant chord (V) to the expected tonic chord (I), the music takes an unexpected turn and resolves to a different chord, typically the submediant (vi) in major keys or the major mediant (III) in minor keys. This creates a sense of surprise and intrigue, adding a unique twist to your compositions and keeping listeners on their toes.

Now that we've covered the four main types of cadences in music theory, let's explore how to use them effectively in your compositions.

3. Using Cadences Effectively

Understanding the different types of cadences in music theory is just the first step. To truly make your compositions shine, it's important to know how to use cadences effectively. Here are some tips and tricks for using cadences to strengthen your musical phrases, create variety, and establish key and modulation.

3.1 Strengthening Musical Phrases

Cadences play a crucial role in defining the structure of your music. By using cadences strategically, you can create a sense of balance and cohesion within your musical phrases. For example, perfect authentic cadences can be used to punctuate the end of a phrase or section, while imperfect authentic cadences can provide a softer sense of closure within a phrase. Experiment with different cadence types to find the perfect balance for your composition.

3.2 Creating Variety in Your Compositions

Using a diverse range of cadences can add interest and variety to your music. For instance, you can use deceptive cadences to keep your listeners guessing and create a sense of unpredictability. Plagal cadences, on the other hand, can provide a gentle, calming resolution that contrasts nicely with the more assertive authentic cadences. By mixing and matching different cadence types, you can create a rich tapestry of sound that will captivate your audience.

3.3 Establishing Key and Modulation

Cadences are also essential for establishing the key of your composition. The use of authentic cadences, in particular, can help to reinforce the tonal center and make the key of your music clear to the listener. Additionally, cadences can be used to signal a modulation or key change. For example, a series of chromatic chords followed by a perfect authentic cadence in a new key is a clear indication that a modulation has occurred. This allows you to smoothly transition between different keys and add depth to your compositions.

Armed with these tips, you're well on your way to mastering cadences in music theory and elevating your compositions to new heights. And for those who wish to dive even deeper into the world of music theory, there are plenty of resources available for further study.

4. Resources for Further Study

Now that you have a better understanding of cadences in music theory, you might want to continue expanding your knowledge. There are numerous resources available to help you refine your skills and deepen your understanding of music theory. Here are some options for further study, including music theory books, online courses, and music schools.

4.1 Music Theory Books

Books are an excellent resource for learning more about music theory at your own pace. Some popular music theory books include:

The Musician's Guide to Theory and Analysis by Jane Piper Clendinning and Elizabeth West Marvin
Music Theory for Dummies by Michael Pilhofer and Holly Day
Elementary Rudiments of Music by Barbara Wharram

These books cover a wide range of topics, from basic concepts to more advanced techniques, and can provide a solid foundation for your music theory studies.

4.2 Online Courses

Online courses offer the convenience of learning from home and at your own pace. Many reputable platforms offer music theory courses, including:

Coursera
Udemy
Berklee Online

These platforms provide a variety of courses that cater to different skill levels, so whether you're just starting out or looking to expand your knowledge, there's an online course for you.

4.3 Music Schools

If you prefer a more structured and hands-on learning experience, consider enrolling in a music school. Many universities and conservatories offer music theory classes as part of their curriculum. Some well-known music schools include:

Juilliard School
Berklee College of Music
Royal College of Music

These institutions provide a comprehensive education in music theory, allowing you to develop your skills in a supportive and focused environment.

By utilizing these resources, you can continue to explore the fascinating world of cadences in music theory and enhance your skills as a musician. Remember, practice makes perfect, and as you continue to learn and grow, your compositions will become more dynamic and engaging.

If you're passionate about the fusion of music and storytelling in film, don't miss the workshop 'Indie Film Composing: Storytelling In Music' by Daisy Coole. This workshop delves into the art of composing music for indie films and will equip you with the skills to create powerful, emotion-driven soundtracks that enhance the story and captivate audiences.