Full Frame vs Crop Sensor: Understanding the Differences and Choosing the Right Camera for You

Written by Daisie Team

Published on 20 June 2023 7 min read

When it comes to choosing a camera, the debate between full frame vs crop sensor is one that often confuses photographers. In this blog, we will break down the differences between these two sensor types to help you make an informed decision on which camera is right for you. We will also discuss how these differences impact image quality, lens choices, and price, as well as guidance on which camera is best suited for various photography styles.

What are Full Frame and Crop Sensors?

Full frame and crop sensors are the two most common types of image sensors found in digital cameras. Each sensor type offers its own set of advantages and disadvantages, which can affect the overall performance and image quality of the camera.

Full Frame Sensors

Full frame sensors are the same size as a 35mm film frame, measuring 36mm x 24mm.
These sensors offer larger individual pixels, which generally lead to better image quality, especially in low light conditions.
Cameras with full frame sensors tend to be more expensive, heavier, and bulkier than their crop sensor counterparts.

Crop Sensors

Crop sensors are smaller than full frame sensors, with the most common size being APS-C, which measures around 23.6mm x 15.6mm.
These sensors have smaller individual pixels, which can result in slightly lower image quality, particularly in low light situations.
Cameras with crop sensors are generally more affordable, lighter, and more compact than full frame cameras.

Now that you know the basic differences between full frame vs crop sensor cameras, let's dive deeper into how these sensor types impact image quality, lens options, and costs. By understanding these factors, you'll be better equipped to choose the right camera for your photography needs.

Comparing Image Quality

One of the main concerns when choosing between a full frame vs crop sensor camera is the resulting image quality. It's important to understand how each sensor type can affect factors like dynamic range, low light performance, and depth of field.

Dynamic Range

Dynamic range refers to the range of light intensities a camera can capture in a single image, from the darkest shadows to the brightest highlights.
Full frame sensors typically offer better dynamic range due to their larger individual pixels, which can capture more detail in both highlights and shadows.
Crop sensor cameras may have a slightly reduced dynamic range compared to full frame cameras, but advancements in technology are narrowing this gap.

Low Light Performance

Low light performance is often a crucial factor in choosing a camera, as it determines the quality of images taken in darker conditions.
Full frame sensors tend to perform better in low light due to their larger pixels, which can capture more light and produce less noise in the image.
Crop sensor cameras may struggle more in low light situations, but again, technology improvements are helping to close the gap between the two sensor types.

Depth of Field

Depth of field refers to the area of an image that appears sharp and in focus, while the rest of the image appears blurred or out of focus.
Full frame sensors can achieve a shallower depth of field, which is often desirable for portrait photography or when trying to isolate a subject from the background.
Crop sensor cameras have a deeper depth of field, which can be advantageous in situations where you want more of the scene in focus, such as landscape or macro photography.

Overall, full frame cameras generally offer better image quality, particularly in terms of dynamic range and low light performance. However, crop sensor cameras are continuously improving, and many photographers find them more than capable for their needs. The choice between full frame vs crop sensor ultimately depends on your specific requirements and preferences.

Lens Compatibility and Choices

Another important factor to consider when choosing between a full frame vs crop sensor camera is lens compatibility and the range of lens choices available. Different sensor sizes may affect the effective focal length of lenses and the overall selection of lenses available for each camera type.

Full Frame Lenses

Full frame lenses are designed specifically for full frame cameras, ensuring optimal image quality and performance.
While full frame lenses can be used on crop sensor cameras, the effective focal length will be different due to the crop factor (more on this below).
Full frame lenses are generally larger, heavier, and more expensive than their crop sensor counterparts, which may be a consideration for some photographers.

Crop Sensor Lenses

Crop sensor lenses, also known as APS-C or DX lenses, are designed specifically for crop sensor cameras.
These lenses are typically smaller, lighter, and more affordable than full frame lenses, making them an attractive option for many photographers.
However, crop sensor lenses cannot be used on full frame cameras without significant loss of image quality, as they do not project an image circle large enough to cover the full frame sensor.

Focal Length and Crop Factor

Focal length is the distance between the lens and sensor when focused at infinity and determines the field of view and magnification of an image.
Crop factor is the ratio of the full frame sensor size to the crop sensor size, usually ranging from 1.5x to 1.6x, depending on the camera brand and model.
When using a full frame lens on a crop sensor camera, the effective focal length is multiplied by the crop factor, resulting in a narrower field of view. For example, a 50mm full frame lens on a 1.5x crop sensor camera will have an effective focal length of 75mm.

Considering lens compatibility and choices is essential when choosing between a full frame vs crop sensor camera. Full frame cameras offer a wider range of lenses, but crop sensor cameras may provide more affordable and lightweight options. Understanding the crop factor and its effect on focal length will help you make an informed decision when selecting the right camera and lenses for your needs.

Price Differences

When comparing full frame vs crop sensor cameras, price is often a significant factor for many photographers. The cost of the camera body, lenses, and overall value should be taken into account when deciding which camera is best suited for your needs.

Camera Body Cost

Full frame cameras generally come with a higher price tag due to their larger sensor size and more advanced features, making them a more significant investment for photographers.
Crop sensor cameras, on the other hand, are typically more budget-friendly, offering a lower entry point for those looking to purchase their first DSLR or mirrorless camera.
It's important to weigh the features and advantages that come with a full frame camera against the cost, as some photographers may find that a crop sensor camera offers sufficient capabilities at a more affordable price.

Lens Cost

As mentioned earlier, full frame lenses tend to be larger, heavier, and more expensive than crop sensor lenses.
For those building a new lens collection or looking to expand their current one, crop sensor lenses may offer a more cost-effective option, especially for those on a tighter budget.
Keep in mind that investing in quality lenses can significantly impact your photography, so it's essential to choose the right lenses for your needs, regardless of the camera body.

Overall Value

When considering the overall value of a full frame vs crop sensor camera, it's important to take both the camera body and lens costs into account, as well as the specific features and benefits each camera type offers.
Full frame cameras may be more expensive initially, but the investment can pay off in terms of image quality, dynamic range, and low light performance for some photographers.
Crop sensor cameras, while more affordable, may still provide excellent image quality and performance for many photography styles, making them a great option for those on a budget or just starting out.

Ultimately, the decision between a full frame vs crop sensor camera comes down to your budget, photography style, and specific needs. By considering the price differences, lens compatibility, and overall value, you can make an informed choice and find the right camera for your photography journey.

Choosing the Right Camera

Selecting the right camera between full frame and crop sensor options largely depends on your photography style and preferences. Let's explore some common photography styles and which camera type may be best suited for each.

For Landscape Photography

Full frame cameras are often favored by landscape photographers due to their superior dynamic range and image quality, capturing more detail in both shadows and highlights.
Additionally, full frame cameras tend to produce less noise in low light situations, which can be helpful for capturing those stunning sunrise and sunset shots.
However, crop sensor cameras can still produce excellent landscape images, and some photographers may find the smaller size and lower cost to be a better fit for their needs.

For Portrait Photography

Full frame cameras generally offer better depth of field control, allowing photographers to create more professional-looking portraits with a shallow depth of field and blurred background.
However, crop sensor cameras can also produce beautiful portraits, especially when paired with the right lens. The reduced cost of crop sensor lenses may even allow for the purchase of a high-quality portrait lens that might otherwise be out of budget.
Ultimately, both full frame and crop sensor cameras can produce excellent portraits, so the choice will depend on your budget and personal preferences.

For Wildlife Photography

Crop sensor cameras can offer an advantage in wildlife photography due to their smaller sensor size, which effectively increases the focal length of the lens, providing more reach when capturing distant subjects.
Additionally, crop sensor cameras are typically smaller and lighter, making them more convenient for carrying on long hikes or treks in search of wildlife.
While full frame cameras may provide better image quality and low light performance, the added reach and portability of crop sensor cameras make them a popular choice for wildlife photographers.

For Travel Photography

Travel photographers often prioritize portability and versatility, making crop sensor cameras an appealing choice due to their smaller size and lighter weight.
The lower cost of crop sensor cameras and lenses can also be a factor when considering the potential for loss, theft, or damage while traveling.
However, full frame cameras can offer better image quality and low light performance, which may be important for capturing the perfect travel shot. In this case, a compact full frame camera may be worth considering.
The choice between full frame vs crop sensor for travel photography will depend on your priorities, budget, and the type of images you want to capture during your adventures.

In conclusion, the decision between a full frame vs crop sensor camera will depend on your specific needs, budget, and photography style. By considering the factors discussed in this blog, you can make an informed decision and choose the right camera to help you capture your creative vision.

If you're eager to dive even deeper into finding the ideal camera for your needs, don't miss the workshop titled 'Choosing the Perfect Camera for You' by louisbever. This workshop will help you navigate the vast array of camera options and guide you in selecting the perfect camera to suit your individual requirements and preferences.